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Kurt Vieweg
Kurt Vieweg (born 29 October 1911 in Göttingen, died 2 December 1976 in Greifswald) was one of the leading agricultural politicians in the early years of the GDR. He was at various times Secretary General of the VdgB (the Peasants Mutual Aid Association), deputy in the parliament (the Volkskammer) and a member of the Central Committee of the SED.
==Early days and emigration==
Kurt Vieweg was born in Göttingen, the son of a bank employee . After attending high school, in 1930-1931 he completed an apprenticeship as an agricultural agent in Eisleben. In his youth he was a member of the Wandervogel movement (similar to the Boy Scouts). In 1930 he joined the Hitler Youth, in which he remained until 1932, and was promoted there to the level of deputy "Jungbannführer" (Junior colonel). In parallel, from 1931 he was working for the KJVD, the Young Communist League of Germany. By 1932 Vieweg was a member of the KJVD in Weissenfels and member of the Commiunist Party, the KPD. His final Communist activities in Germany were as an employee of the KJVD for Saxony-Anhalt.
In autumn 1933 Vieweg emigrated to Denmark. He was initially in Lyngby and Gentofte working for International Red Aid. From 1935 until the occupation of the country in 1940 Vieweg was a visiting student at the Agricultural University in Copenhagen. In parallel, from 1936 he was an employee of the illegal KPD leadership for the Northern sector. Vieweg was member of a group led by Walter Weidauer which was called the "Peasant Commission", which aimed to make contact with farmer groups in Germany. This group published the magazine "Bauernbriefe" (Farmers' Letters), for which Vieweg wrote articles under the pseudonym "Oswald". Since in the public image he was not necessarily seen as a communist, from the beginning of 1940 he could officially study agriculture. By the German occupation in April 1940 Vieweg was however again forced into illegality. The next few years were spent largely with little political action. He dealt mainly with collection of information on Scandinavian agriculture for the Moscow Communist Party headquarters. In 1943 the KPD sent most of its members in Denmark to Sweden, including Vieweg. There he was interned briefly in a camp near Tyllesand. He then worked as a forester and as a factory worker. As leader of the Communist Party group in Gothenburg-Borås he here came, probably for the first time, into contact with Herbert Wehner. Since Vieweg could prove his guest studentship in Copenhagen to have been successful, from 1944 he was able to resume his studies at the Ultuna Agricultural University in Uppsala as part of a Swedish aid program for Scandinavian Hitler refugees. During his stay in Sweden, he was greatly influenced by the agricultural policies of the Swedish Social Democratic Party program. This influence was shown in his policy statement, published in 1944, "The farmers and the upcoming democratic republic" in which he called for the creation of cooperatives, but also spoke out in favour of maintaining the capitalist mode of production. This programme and his course of study were the basis for Vieweg's status as the agricultural expert of the exiled KPD. In the spring of 1945, Vieweg returned to Denmark. He was initially secretary of the Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee in Copenhagen and was later taken on as an employee at the Danish Ministry of Social Affairs. Before his return to Germany Vieweg was also the political head of the Copenhagen KPD group.
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